Atmospheric analysis

Where and when do white sharks occur in New Zealand waters, and how can fisheries bycatch be reduced?

Water take (also known as water abstraction) has a range of valuable public and private uses.

If you list all the historic rainfall totals for a particular month and for a specific location, rank these from lowest to highest, then divide the list into ten equal parts, you have identified the ten rainfall deciles for that month and for that location.

Returning water to our waterways after we’ve used it in our homes, on farms and in industry is a complex and challenging process.

Wood chips and plant material make pulp that is used to produce paper products.

The UV Index is a measure of the intensity of UV radiation. The larger the number, the more intense the UV. In New Zealand, its maximum summer value is generally about 12, but it can exceed 13 in the far North. In winter it reaches peak values of 1 or 2. Values of 10 or more should be considered as "extreme". At high altitude tropical sites (eg Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii), the UV Index can exceed 20.The UV Index supersedes the idea of "Time to Burn" or "Burn Time", which has been used previously in New Zealand.

CASAL is an advanced software package developed by NIWA for fish stock assessment.

Scientists exploring the Kermadec Trench believe they have retrieved the deepest ever sediment sample from the bottom of the ocean using a wire-deployed corer.

Northland, with its northern location, low elevation and close proximity to the sea is characterised by a mild, humid, and rather windy climate.

Virtual climate station estimates are produced every day, based on the spatial interpolation of actual data observations made at climate stations located around the country.