Freshwater

What are the potential sources of chemical contamination from mining activities?

Forest plantations in Aotearoa can be found on flat, gently rolling, or very steep terrain.

Urbanisation has changed the face of many waterways that flow through urban areas

How may agricultural activities increase sediments in waterways?

Few New Zealand lakes retain their indigenous vegetation, and the condition of many lakes is under threat from land-use changes and the invasion of alien aquatic plants.

Grey mullet have a worldwide distribution and Aotearoa is at the southern limit of their range.

We have prepared a breakdown of the different guidelines that are available for sampling freshwater fisheries. The overview provides links to key documents that explain what should be considered when designing fish monitoring studies and how to implement the various sampling techniques.

Stormwater is a major concern for New Zealand because of its potential effects on the ecological health of our urban streams and coastal waters, as well as on the economic, social and cultural value of these environments.

Water take (also known as water abstraction) has a range of valuable public and private uses.

Floods are not unusual in New Zealand, but those that hit us early this winter broke records. Why did they occur? Should we expect more? Can we predict future floods?

There are two methods to determine visual clarity in SHMAK; the clarity tube (or SHMAK tube) and the black disc method.

How may forestry activities increase sediments in waterways?