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Tuna - spawning grounds
All species of freshwater tuna spawn at sea, although the spawning grounds of only four species are known with certainty worldwide. -
Kaitiaki Tools
ServiceKaitiaki Tools is a store of knowledge for people who manage natural resources. -
Tuna aquaculture - New Zealand
New Zealand's first eel farm was established in 1971. Despite other farms opening in later years, no eel farms remained by the start of the 1980s. -
Instream barriers and altered water flow
Instream barriers and diversions alter the natural flow of rivers, streams, and lakes. -
Tuna - glass eels
Glass eels (about 5.5 to 7.0 cm) arrive in fresh water during spring, especially during September and October, although they may be present from July to December. -
Mitigation and best practice options
Some simple steps to minimise the effects of wastewater on water quality and mahinga kai. -
Tuna - elvers and recruitment
Once in freshwater, glass eels develop into darker pigmented juvenile eels known as elvers. -
Dry stock farming activities
Dry stock farms can cover large areas of hill-country grassland that may be steep and prone to erosion. -
Tuna - customary fisheries
There is no argument regarding the importance of tuna in the lives of Māori: this taonga species permeates, for example, place names, whakataukī, legends, waiata and artwork. -
Tuna - commercial fisheries
In export terms, the commercial eel fishery in New Zealand began in earnest in the 1960s and expanded rapidly until the early 1970s, peaking at slightly over 2,000 t (tonnes) in 1972. -
Restoration and enhancement of piharau / kanakana / lamprey
Research ProjectNIWA is leading a new six-year research project that seeks to increase our understanding of piharau/kanakana/lamprey, using Mātauranga Māori, social science and biophysical science approaches.